Detached ADU

An ADU, or Accessory Dwelling Unit, is a secondary housing unit on a single-family residential lot. It is a self-contained living space with its own kitchen, bathroom, and sleeping area, separate from the primary home. ADUs are known by many names, including granny flats, in-law suites, or backyard cottages. They serve as a flexible housing solution, providing rental income for homeowners, affordable housing options, or space for extended family. Their construction is governed by local zoning and building codes, which dictate size, placement, and utility connections. For a detailed look at the design and construction process, including key considerations for attachment, refer to our internal article Attached ADU.

The cost comparison between attached and detached accessory dwelling units (ADUs) depends on several factors. Generally, an attached ADU can be cheaper to build than a detached one because it often utilizes an existing structure, like converting a garage or basement, which reduces foundation, roofing, and exterior wall expenses. However, detached ADUs might offer more design flexibility and avoid potential complications from modifying an existing home's systems. Key cost drivers include site conditions, local building codes, material choices, and utility connections. For accurate budgeting, consult with a professional contractor and review local regulations, as savings from an attached ADU can be offset by necessary upgrades to the main house.

In California, the maximum size for a detached Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) is generally determined by local zoning but is subject to state-mandated limits. For a detached ADU on a lot with an existing single-family home, the state allows a maximum size of 1,200 square feet. However, local jurisdictions may impose smaller limits, so checking municipal codes is essential. On lots with multi-family dwellings, size limits can vary. Additionally, height restrictions typically cap at 16 feet. Adhering to these regulations ensures compliance with California's housing laws aimed at increasing density while maintaining neighborhood character.

In Massachusetts, accessory dwelling units (ADUs) are governed by state law and local zoning bylaws. The state's ADU law, enacted in 2021, mandates that all municipalities must allow ADUs "as of right" in single-family residential zones. This means a property owner cannot be denied a permit if the ADU complies with specific dimensional and safety standards. Key state provisions include that the ADU must be within or attached to the primary dwelling or in an existing accessory structure, the property owner must occupy one of the units, and municipalities cannot impose parking requirements for ADUs within half a mile of public transit. However, local bylaws can still regulate aspects like maximum size (capped at 900 sq. ft.), setbacks, and design standards, so checking with the local building and zoning department is essential.

The cost of a detached accessory dwelling unit (ADU) varies widely based on factors like size, materials, and location. On average, you can expect a range from approximately $100,000 to over $400,000. A basic, small prefabricated unit might start at the lower end, while a custom-built, fully-featured ADU with high-end finishes and full utilities will reach the higher figures. Key cost drivers include site preparation, foundation work, utility connections, permits, and interior finishes. It is crucial to obtain detailed quotes from licensed contractors and thoroughly research local zoning regulations and permit fees, as these can significantly impact the final budget and project feasibility.